Types of acne

Acne is a complex dermatological problem that can take various forms and not only affect the appearance of the skin but also the emotional well-being of those affected by it. Different forms of acne are classified based on their causes and symptoms.

• The most common type is acne vulgaris, characterized by blackheads, papules, and pustules.
• After the age of 25, adult acne (Acne tarda) may occur, often associated with hormones or stress.
• Hormonal acne is linked to changes in sex hormone levels and includes types such as androgenic or estrogenic acne.
• Another variant is rosacea (Acne rosacea), manifested by facial redness and pustule-like eruptions.

Among the inflammatory types of acne, nodular and cystic acne are distinguished, while the non-inflammatory type is mainly characterized by the presence of blackheads. Severe forms like pustular acne or conglobate acne require specialized dermatological care.

There are also other types of acne, such as cosmetic or drug-induced acne, caused by improper cosmetics or medications. Changes can then appear not only on the face but also on the back or chest, requiring an analysis of contributing factors and an adjustment of skincare and treatment to the specific case.

Due to the variety of acne types, individual diagnosis and therapy are essential. Therefore, it is advisable to consult with a specialist.

There are several specific forms of acne that differ in symptoms and causes. The most common is acne vulgaris, characterized by the presence of blackheads, papules, and pustules. On the other hand, papulopustular acne is a combination of papules and pustules.

• Blackhead acne can be identified by the presence of blackheads.
• Cystic acne is distinguished by painful cysts under the skin.
• Hormonal acne is associated with changes in levels of sex hormones.
• Rosacea presents with facial redness and pimple-like breakouts.

Identifying the type of acne is crucial for effective treatment. Each type requires individually tailored therapy, taking into account the patient's needs.

Acne vulgaris is the most common form of acne, mainly affecting adolescents during puberty. Up to 80% of teenagers experience skin changes, which include blackheads, pimples, and pustules. They most commonly appear on the face, especially in the T-zone (forehead, nose, cheeks), but can also occur on the chest and back. The cause of acne vulgaris is excessive sebum production and clogging of hair follicles with dead skin cells. In more severe cases, this condition can lead to the formation of cysts.

This type of acne is characterized by specific skin changes, such as blackheads or pustules, and like other forms, it requires an individualized therapeutic approach. It is crucial to consult a dermatologist to develop an effective treatment plan tailored to the patient's needs.

Adult acne appears after the age of 25 and differs from the teenage version. Its main causes are:

• hormonal imbalances,
• stress,
• inadequate skin care.

Skin changes often occur in the lower part of the face, neck, chest, and back. Characteristic are subcutaneous nodules, which differ from ordinary pimples or blackheads.

Hormonal acne, closely related to changes in sex hormones levels, mainly affects adults. In women, it often occurs due to hormonal fluctuations that may arise during puberty, after discontinuing contraceptive pills, or during menopause. Symptoms are usually visible on the face but can also affect the chest and back.

Understanding the mechanisms of hormonal acne is crucial for effective treatment. Therapy needs to be tailored to the individual needs of the patient and requires dermatological consultation. This allows for the development of a treatment plan that considers the specific needs of the skin.

One type of hormonal acne is androgenic acne. It is caused by excessive production of androgens, leading to increased sebum secretion and hair follicle blockage. It often affects women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and primarily manifests on the lower part of the face and jawline.

The treatment of this type of acne requires collaboration between dermatologists and endocrinologists. Monitoring hormone levels and the appropriate use of topical or oral preparations, such as antiandrogenic drugs, are essential.

Another type of hormonal acne is estrogenic acne, associated with changes in estrogen levels in the body. Although less common than its androgenic counterpart, it can occur in women using hormonal contraception or going through menopause.

Similar to other forms of the disease, the effectiveness of therapy depends on a precise diagnosis and individually tailored therapeutic approach. Consultation with specialists will help determine the best treatment methods, which may include pharmacotherapy as well as lifestyle or diet changes.

Androgenic acne is a type of hormonal acne that is associated with excessive activity of androgens, such as testosterone. These hormones lead to increased sebum production by the sebaceous glands, which can result in clogged hair follicles and the appearance of skin lesions. It most commonly occurs on the lower part of the face and along the jawline. It particularly affects women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Effective treatment requires collaboration between specialists: a dermatologist and an endocrinologist, as well as monitoring of hormone levels.

Estrogenic Acne is a specific type of hormonal acne that occurs with fluctuations in estrogen levels. In such situations, there is an overproduction of sebum by the sebaceous glands. This problem often affects women using hormonal contraception or going through menopause. Skin changes usually appear on the face, back, and chest. Effective treatment for this type of acne requires a precise diagnosis and individually tailored therapy. Consultation with a dermatologist or endocrinologist is crucial for choosing the best treatment methods. Therapy may include medications as well as lifestyle or diet changes, which help effectively control skin changes.

Rosacea usually appears in individuals over 30 years of age and more commonly affects women with fair skin. It manifests as redness on the face and pimples resembling acne. This issue results from vascular disturbances and inflammatory reactions involving the blood vessels of the skin. Unlike other forms of acne, rosacea is not a result of excess sebum or clogged pores, but rather abnormal blood vessel function, leading to prolonged inflammatory states and redness.

Papular Acne

Papular acne is a skin condition characterized by small, red pimples that do not contain pus. They most commonly appear on the face and can be painful to the touch.

Effective treatment of this condition requires consultation with a dermatologist, who will prescribe an appropriate therapy involving topical anti-inflammatory agents to improve the skin's condition.

Papulopustular Acne

Papulopustular acne is an inflammatory form of acne that combines the presence of papules and pustules. Initially, small red lesions appear on the skin, which evolve into pustules containing pus as the inflammatory process progresses. This type of acne most commonly affects the face and other areas of the body rich in sebaceous glands.

Treatment of this type of acne requires personalized dermatological therapy. A dermatologist may recommend the use of topical antibiotics or anti-inflammatory agents to alleviate symptoms and minimize the risk of scarring. Regular consultations with a specialist are important to effectively monitor the progression of the disease and tailor the treatment to the patient's needs.

Pustular Acne

Pustular acne is an inflammatory form of acne characterized by pustules filled with pus. It typically occurs in areas rich in sebaceous glands, such as the face, back, or chest. In contrast to other types like papular or cystic acne, it is easily identifiable by visible skin changes containing pus.

Treatment of this form of acne requires dermatological care. Therapy may include:

• topical antibiotics,
• anti-inflammatory agents to alleviate symptoms and prevent scarring.

Regular visits to a specialist are crucial for monitoring progress and adjusting the treatment to the patient's individual needs.

Cystic Acne

Cystic acne is one of the most severe forms of this skin condition, characterized by deep, painful cysts filled with fluid. It occurs when pores are severely blocked and inflamed, often leading to scarring. Treatment requires specialized dermatological care.

Treatment involves the use of:

• topical medications,
• oral antibiotics,
• retinoids.

Regular visits to the dermatologist are essential for monitoring treatment progress and adjusting the therapy, which helps minimize the risk of scarring and improves the patient's quality of life.

Comedonal Acne

Comedonal acne is a non-inflammatory form of acne involving two types of comedones: open and closed. Open comedones, commonly known as blackheads, result from the oxidation of sebum and dead skin cells in the pores. Closed comedones are small, white bumps that do not have contact with air. Although this type of acne is common in young people, it can also affect adults. It typically occurs on the face, especially in the T-zone including the forehead, nose, and chin, but can also appear on the back or chest.

Treatment focuses on regular skin cleansing and the use of exfoliating products containing salicylic acid. Key is to cleanse the pores and avoid re-blocking them through proper care. It is important to avoid heavy cosmetics that worsen the problem. Consultation with a dermatologist is important to create an individualized treatment plan tailored to the patient's needs, increasing the effectiveness of treating this condition.

Severe acne encompasses advanced forms of skin lesions that can lead to serious issues such as scarring and discoloration. Among the most severe types are:

• Cystic acne - characterized by deep inflammatory lesions and the formation of abscesses,
• Nodulocystic acne - combines nodules and cysts,
• Conglobate acne - characterized by large clusters of inflammatory lesions,
• Fulminant acne - the most intense form of the disease with a rapid onset.

Treating advanced forms of acne requires a comprehensive approach and specialized dermatological care. Oral antibiotics or isotretinoin are usually prescribed. Prompt medical intervention and regular monitoring by a dermatologist are crucial. The success of therapy depends on accurately diagnosing the type of acne and tailoring treatment methods to individual needs.

In the case of severe acne, educating patients on skin care is equally important. This can help minimize the risk of scarring and improve the quality of life for those affected by this condition.

Cystic Acne (Acne phlegmonosa)

Cystic acne is a severe form of the disease. It is characterized by the presence of pus-filled cysts, which typically appear on the face, back, and buttocks. This inflammatory skin condition requires a dermatologist's intervention. Treatment often involves oral antibiotics or isotretinoin to reduce inflammation and the risk of scarring.

Adapting treatment to the individual needs of the patient is crucial to achieve the best results and minimize skin impact. Follow-up visits to a specialist are essential for monitoring progress and adjusting therapy according to the patient's needs.

Nodulocystic Acne (Acne nodulo-cystica)

Nodulocystic acne is a severe form of acne. Characterized by subcutaneous nodules and pus-filled cysts, it commonly develops on the face, back, and chest. These changes can lead to scarring, highlighting the importance of prompt dermatological treatment.

Treatment usually involves oral antibiotics and isotretinoin. These medications help reduce inflammation and regulate sebum production. Regular visits to a dermatologist are crucial for monitoring progress and adjusting treatment to the patient's individual needs.

Among the various types of acne, this form has a severe course, requiring special medical attention.

Conglobate Acne (Acne conglobata)

Conglobate acne is one of the most troublesome forms of acne. It is characterized by numerous deep inflammatory changes on the skin, making it challenging to treat and requiring specialized dermatological care. Painful clusters of nodules and cysts are typical of this form of the disease, which can lead to scarring. Effective therapy often includes the use of oral antibiotics and isotretinoin. These preparations help control sebum production and alleviate inflammation.

Fulminant Acne (Acne fulminans)

Fulminant acne is an extremely rare and severe form of acne. It manifests rapidly, causing intense inflammatory changes on the skin of the face, back, and chest. What sets it apart from other types of acne is the presence of fever and joint pain.

In this case, immediate dermatologist intervention is necessary. Typically, strong medications like isotretinoin or corticosteroids are used. Swift initiation of therapy is crucial to limit the risk of complications and improve the patient's quality of life.

Learn about laser acne treatment.

Acne related to age takes on various forms at different stages of life. In the youngest children, we can observe infantile and newborn acne. The first type is usually mild and disappears on its own, while the second, more common in boys, is associated with maternal hormones. Later in life, pre-pubertal acne may occur in children before adolescence. It is mainly characterized by the presence of blackheads, which can develop into more advanced changes with the onset of puberty. **Infantile Acne** **Infantile acne** appears in children between the 3rd and 6th month of life. Small, red pimples and bumps can appear on the face, especially on the cheeks and forehead, sometimes with white heads. Treatment is usually not necessary as these changes disappear on their own after a few weeks or months. **However, it is important to maintain the child's skin cleanliness and avoid using irritating cosmetic products.** If the symptoms worsen, it is worth consulting a pediatrician or a pediatric dermatologist. The specialist will assess the child's skin condition and suggest appropriate treatment methods. It is important to note that infantile acne rarely causes scars or permanent marks. **Newborn Acne** **Newborn acne** is a common issue affecting about 1/5 of infants in the initial weeks of life. Symptoms include red pimples and bumps, sometimes with white tips. Fortunately, this condition is temporary and usually resolves on its own without medical intervention. The reason behind it is **hormonal changes** caused by the influence of maternal hormones on the child. It is important to take care of the baby's **hygiene** and avoid cosmetics that can irritate the skin, which helps alleviate acne symptoms. However, if skin changes worsen or persist for a long time, seeking advice from a pediatrician or a pediatric dermatologist is recommended. The specialist will assess the skin condition and propose suitable solutions. **Childhood Acne** **Acne in children**, which usually appears by the age of 7, differs from adolescent acne. Characteristic for it are bumps on the skin. Although childhood acne is less common than acne during adolescence, it also requires proper diagnosis and treatment. **Skin changes in children** are not related to hormones, so a different approach to treatment is necessary. Regular consultations with a **dermatologist or pediatrician** are essential for monitoring the child's skin condition and determining the best course of action. They help to avoid complications and ensure proper care. **Prepubertal Acne** **Prepubertal acne** appears in children even before the onset of puberty and is often associated with early hormonal changes. It is mainly characterized by the presence of blackheads, which can develop into more advanced skin problems with the onset of puberty. **Acne of this type** requires a special approach during both diagnosis and treatment.

There are also less common variants of acne that require detailed diagnostics and specialized treatment: - **Fungal acne** is caused by fungi from the Malassezia genus. It is characterized by itching and the presence of papules and pustules in areas rich in sebaceous glands. - **Neuropathic acne** appears due to skin irritation. Repeated scratching or squeezing of lesions can lead to scarring. - **Thyroid acne** is associated with thyroid disorders, affecting the hormonal balance of the body. **To correctly diagnose these specific types of acne, a dermatological consultation is necessary.** The specialist will choose appropriate therapy methods, taking into account the source of the problem and the individual needs of the patient. **Cosmetic Acne** Cosmetic acne, also known as contact acne, appears due to the use of cosmetics that can block pores. This results in blackheads and small inflammatory conditions on the face. **Individuals who use cosmetics with heavy formulas or products containing comedogenic ingredients are particularly susceptible to this type of acne.** Therefore, it is crucial to choose skincare products tailored to the skin type and avoid substances that may worsen its condition. **Occupational Acne** Occupational acne is a specific form of acne that occurs due to exposure to irritating factors in the workplace. It mainly affects individuals who come into contact with harmful substances such as chemicals in the industrial sector, substances in the cosmetic sector, and other harmful compounds that can clog pores and cause skin inflammation. If you notice symptoms of work-related acne, you must determine its causes and implement appropriate skin protection and care methods. **A visit to a dermatologist can be invaluable in developing a personalized treatment plan that effectively addresses skin problems resulting from work conditions.** **Drug-Induced Acne** Drug-induced acne is a particular type of acne that occurs due to the use of certain medications. These substances can increase sebum production and affect the skin's condition, leading to the formation of blackheads, papules, and pustules. Symptoms usually appear after starting pharmacological treatment. **To diagnose drug-induced acne, a detailed analysis of the history of medications taken and consultation with a dermatologist is necessary.** Understanding the mechanism of action of drugs causing this type of acne allows for the development of an effective treatment strategy. **Necrotic Acne** Necrotic acne is a rare but severe form of acne characterized by tissue necrosis in skin lesions. It results from significant skin cell damage and can lead to permanent scarring. **Treatment requires specialized dermatological care to avoid complications and improve the patient's skin condition.** In the therapy of necrotic acne, diverse therapeutic methods are used, such as pharmacotherapy and procedures supporting skin regeneration. **Collaboration with an experienced dermatologist is essential to achieve optimal treatment results and reduce the risk of long-term changes.** Additionally, patients should be aware of skincare principles and avoid factors that worsen the skin's condition. **Triggered Acne** Acne triggered by specific factors, such as the use of certain medications, represents a unique skin problem. Sometimes, chemical substances in pharmaceuticals can lead to sebum overproduction or pore blockage, resulting in skin changes. If you suspect such an issue, seek advice from a dermatologist. The specialist will assess the impact of the drugs taken on acne and propose potential changes in treatment under their supervision, which can provide relief and improve the skin's condition. Check what **acne treatments** are available. **Persistent Acne** Persistent acne is a type of acne that does not improve despite treatment and requires prolonged therapy. It is resistant to traditional treatment methods, making regular skin monitoring by a dermatologist necessary. Adapting treatment to the patient's individual needs is crucial. It may involve using medications and making lifestyle changes. Visits to specialists allow for the development of an effective treatment plan and its modification as needed. Avoiding exacerbating factors and maintaining proper skincare is essential. This way, it is easier to control disease symptoms and minimize its impact on daily life. **Late-Onset Acne** Late-onset acne is a problem that occurs in adults without prior skin changes. It is particularly frustrating as it appears unexpectedly and is challenging to combat. Various factors, such as hormonal changes, stress, and inadequate skincare, can contribute to its occurrence. If you suspect this type of acne, make an appointment with a dermatologist. The specialist will help identify the source of the problem and propose suitable therapy. **Treatment usually requires an individual approach and the use of products tailored to the patient's needs.** Regular consultations allow for adjusting therapy based on treatment progress and changes in skin condition. **Excoriated Acne** Excoriated acne, also known as neuropathic acne, is a specific type of skin condition. Skin lesions worsen due to constant scratching and squeezing, resulting from the patient's habits that worsen skin condition. Such damage can lead to scarring and permanent deformities. To effectively deal with this issue, a comprehensive approach is necessary. **Key is avoiding further skin irritation and applying appropriate therapeutic methods.** Therapy includes dermatological treatment and psychological support. A dermatologist's visit allows for selecting the right medications or local therapies. Additionally, collaborating with a therapist can help combat harmful habits. Diagnosing excoriated acne requires considering physical and emotional factors affecting the patient's skin condition. This allows for developing an effective treatment plan tailored to the patient's individual needs, improving their well-being and skin health. **Fungal Acne** Fungal acne is a specific type of acne resulting from fungal infections on the skin. It is characterized by papules and pustules, which most often occur in areas rich in sebaceous glands. Its development is usually associated with fungi like Malassezia, which naturally inhabit the skin but can become problematic with excessive growth. Itching commonly accompanies skin changes. To correctly diagnose this type of acne, it is advisable to see a dermatologist. **The specialist will conduct appropriate tests and propose antifungal treatment.** Therapy may include both topical and oral antifungal agents and changes in daily skincare habits to prevent recurrences.

Acne can appear in various parts of the body, affecting the way it is treated. It most commonly occurs on the face, arms, chest, back, and buttocks. The location of the skin changes determines the specificity of the therapy and requires an individual approach.

• On the face, acne often concentrates in the T-zone (comprising the forehead, nose, and chin), where sebaceous glands work most intensely. These changes can be painful and visible, affecting the well-being of those affected by this problem.
• On the arms and back, acne is more scattered but still requires careful treatment.
• The chest and buttocks are less visible areas to others, but daily irritations caused by clothing can exacerbate skin problems and cause discomfort.
   

Acne on the Face

Acne on the face is the most common form of this condition, involving various skin changes. Changes usually appear in the T-zone (forehead, nose, chin) - an area of intense sebaceous gland activity.

Acne on the Hands

Acne on the hands often results from contact with irritating substances. Detergents, chemicals, or certain cosmetics can cause pustules and nodules on the hands. Identifying irritating factors and avoiding them is crucial, using mild handwashing agents, and applying protective creams. If symptoms worsen, it is advisable to consult a dermatologist who will prescribe appropriate treatment.
 

Acne on the Chest

Acne on the chest often results from excess sebum and clogged pores. Sebaceous glands in this area, like on the back or face, are exceptionally active, promoting the development of skin changes.

To minimize the risk of acne, it is advisable to:

• use gentle cleansing agents,
• avoid heavy cosmetics that can clog pores,
• maintain regular skin care,
• wear breathable clothing.

However, when symptoms worsen, consulting a dermatologist is recommended. An expert can help tailor the treatment to individual needs.
 

Acne on the Back

Acne on the back is a common skin problem. Its treatment can be challenging due to poor access to this part of the body. The cause of the disease is overactive sebaceous glands and pore blockages. The problem may result from various factors:

• hormones,
• stress,
• poor hygiene.

To effectively combat acne on the back, it is advisable to follow several principles. Regularly washing the skin with mild agents helps remove excess sebum and prevent pore blockages. It is also beneficial to wear loose clothing made of breathable fabrics to reduce irritations and allow the skin to breathe. Collaboration with a dermatologist is crucial for developing a personalized treatment plan. This may include topical anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents or oral medications in more severe cases.
 

Acne on the Buttocks

Acne on the buttocks is caused by friction, sweat, and bacteria, resulting in pustules and nodules. To minimize the risk of its occurrence, it is advisable to:

• wear loose, breathable clothing,
• maintain hygiene,
• avoid prolonged exposure to moist clothing.

It is also essential to prevent bacteria proliferation. Soaps containing antibacterial or anti-inflammatory ingredients can be particularly helpful.

In case of severe disease symptoms, consider consulting a dermatologist who can suggest appropriate treatment with topical preparations tailored to individual needs.