Facial modeling
Wrinkles are the number one thing people associate with the aging process. However, they are not the only element that causes that our face does not look so young. The other valid thing is the volume and contour of the face, which changes as we get older due to the slow disappearance of the subcutaneous tissue of certain parts of the face, particularly around the temples and cheekbones. The cause of this lays in bone and connective tissue, as well as reduction in fat tissue. Facial fat moves downward, causing skin sagginess and changing the ideal oval of a young face. Nasolabial furrows are formed and a soft rounded cheeks - a symbol of youth - disappears.
To raise the profile of the face we use volumetric facelift, which causes restoration of its volume and improves contours by supplementing the subcutaneous tissue defects associated with age.
VOLUMETRIC LIFTING – FACE VOLUME RESTORATION
Volumetric facelift is used to complement the subcutaneous tissue defects related to aging. The treatments include injecting by various techniques crosslinked hyaluronic acid with suitable density or Radiesse’s calcium hydroxyapatite deep in the subcutaneous tissue. The filler restores the natural volume in this area, where the reduction of the body fat is the most intense.
The method is selected individually and depends on several factors: the treatment area, thickness and condition of the skin, acceptable rate of changing your appearance (weather the changes in our appearance can be rapid or spread over time, and thus less visible to the environment). Hyaluronic acid gives a distinct effect of increasing the volume of the treated area immediately after treatment and improves long-term hydration of the skin which stimulates its regeneration. In the case of Radiesse filler, effects are moderate and the preparation has a visible impact of the new collagen production in the skin after 2-3 months after treatment which gives the effect of a facelift.
WHEN TO USE VOLUMETRIC LIFTING
It is recommended for people whose skin is limp and saggy due to gravity, aging and fluctuations in body weight. Areas that usually need to be filled are: around the temple, the central part of the cheeks, a valley of tears (wrinkles under the eyes), nasolabial furrows, furrows below the corners of the mouth. In addition, treatments can also be done around the jaw and chin and sometimes on the neck. Face contouring, besides restoring proper proportions, gives the effect of lifting, lip corners rising and slightly sagging cheeks, as well as "softening" face features.
Treatments can be done on people of all ages. In this case, the goal of the procedure is contouring or enhancing cheekbones and chin area.
EFFECTS
Volumetric facelift is a procedure that within several minutes allows the three-dimensional facial rejuvenation. It restores the youthful appearance of the face with bringing back its volume, allowing you to enhance the shape and profile of the face. The treatment provides immediate and often spectacular effects that lasts about 18 months. Absorbing implant provides an excellent regeneration of surrounding tissues, giving the effect of relaxed and healthy skin.
WHICH FILLER TO CHOOSE?
Calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) are two popular preparations used in aesthetic medicine, however, they differ in mechanism of action and effects.
Hyaluronic Acid (HA)
- Provides greater volume - fills in subcutaneous tissue deficits, shapes facial features.
- Provides immediate effect - the skin looks younger immediately after the procedure.
- Hydrates the skin - by its ability to bind water, it improves elasticity and firmness.
- Plastic consistency - allows for precise modeling and adjustment of the effect.
- The lifting effect is gentler - tissue elevation is mainly due to added volume.
- Possibility of correction - it can be dissolved by an enzyme (hyaluronidase), giving greater control over the effect.
- Effects last: 12-18 months.
- For whom? People who want to achieve an immediate rejuvenating effect and add volume in specific areas of the face.
Calcium Hydroxyapatite (CaHA)
- Provides less volume - does not significantly change facial features, works more subtly than hyaluronic acid.
- Stimulates collagen production - improves skin quality, increases firmness and density.
- The firming effect appears gradually - initial results are visible immediately, but the full effect builds up over several months.
- It cannot be dissolved - it is absorbed gradually, but there is no possibility of immediate correction.
- Works longer than HA - effects are more long-lasting, but develop over time.
- Better for skin with minor volumetric deficits - ideal for people who want to improve skin quality without significantly enlarging facial features.
- Effects last: 18-24 months.
- For whom? People who want to improve skin tension and structure, but do not need a large volume.
In summary, the choice between calcium hydroxyapatite and hyaluronic acid depends on the individual needs of the patient and the expected results. Calcium hydroxyapatite is more suitable for individuals looking to improve skin quality and achieve a firming effect without significant changes in facial features, while hyaluronic acid is a better choice for those who want to add volume and shape specific areas of the face.
Threatment prices
Enhancing and shaping the cheeks is an excellent way to subtly rejuvenate and improve facial proportions. This procedure allows for accentuating the central part of the face, giving it a more harmonious and rested appearance. Additionally, improving the volume of the cheeks helps smooth out nasolabial folds, reinforcing the effect of younger, firmer skin. Depending on the chosen filler, the results can last up to 18 months, providing long-lasting and natural aesthetic effects.
How does the procedure work?
- Filling volume deficits - the filler lifts the skin, restoring its original shape.
- Supporting skin structures - acting as a "scaffold," the filler supports the natural tension of the skin.
- Stimulating fibroblasts - encouraging cells to produce collagen and elastin.
- Increasing tissue hydration - hyaluronic acid binds water, improving skin elasticity and moisture.
- Densifying the skin - strengthening the skin structure by stimulating its regeneration.
- Slight lifting effect - lifting tissues through increased volume and skin tension.
When to use and who is it for?
The procedure is recommended for individuals who:
- Have noticed a loss of volume in the central part of the face due to aging,
- Want to improve the facial oval and lift the cheeks,
- Have prominent nasolabial folds and want to smooth them out,
- Want to achieve a younger, more rested facial appearance,
- Naturally have flat cheeks and desire to give them a fuller shape.
Effects of the procedure
- Accentuated, plumper cheeks - increased volume makes the cheeks more prominent.
- Smoothing of nasolabial folds - volume enhancement reduces the visibility of creases.
- Improvement of facial oval - lifting tissues enhances facial proportions.
- Youthful and rested appearance - hydration and skin filling reduce signs of fatigue.
- Natural lifting effect without the need for surgery - lifting the cheeks creates a skin tension effect.
Effects are visible immediately after the procedure, with the full result appearing after a few days as the filler evenly distributes and initial swelling subsides.
Frequency of procedure
- Depending on the filler used, effects can last from 12 to 18 months.
- After this period, the procedure can be repeated to maintain a youthful effect.
- Regular use allows for long-lasting firmness and harmony of facial features.
The procedure of correcting the temples involves injecting a filling substance, usually hyaluronic acid or calcium hydroxyapatite, to restore volume to this area and improve facial proportions. The filler complements tissue deficits, tightens the skin, and gently lifts the lateral parts of the eyebrows, resulting in a younger and more rested appearance.
Why do temples sink in?
- Loss of subcutaneous tissue - the amount of fat in this area decreases with age.
- Skin sagging - the skin loses elasticity and becomes less taut.
- Weakening of muscles and fascia - the structures supporting the skin weaken, leading to loss of firmness.
What are the consequences of temple sinking?
- The face looks tired and older - deepening of shadows and changes in facial proportions.
- Drooping of the lateral parts of the eyebrows - changes the shape of the eye and gives a "sad" appearance.
- Disruption of facial harmony - temples lose volume, which can make the face appear more "sunken" or hollow.
When to consider a temple filling procedure?
The procedure is intended for individuals who:
- Notice temple sinking, giving the face a tired and sad look.
- Have drooping lateral parts of the eyebrows, making the eyes less defined.
- Experience loss of skin firmness and volume in the temple area.
- Want to subtly rejuvenate the face, improving its proportions and harmony.
How does a temple filling procedure work?
- Restoration of lost volume - injecting the filler restores fullness to the temples and reduces sinking.
- Tissue support - the filler acts as a "scaffold," stabilizing sagging skin structures.
- Moisturizing and densifying the skin - hyaluronic acid binds water, improving skin elasticity.
- Stimulation of collagen production - calcium hydroxyapatite stimulates skin regeneration, improving firmness.
- Lifting the lateral parts of the eyebrows - improving skin tension optically opens the eye and brightens the gaze.
Effects of the procedure
- Restored temple volume - the face looks fuller and more harmonious.
- Lifting of the lateral parts of the eyebrows - the gaze becomes more open.
- Rejuvenation and smoothing of the skin - the face looks fresh and rested.
- Reduction of the "sad face" effect - improvement in proportions and skin tension.
Frequency of performing the procedure
- The effects last from 12 to 18 months, depending on the type of filler used and individual body characteristics.
- The procedure can be repeated regularly to maintain long-lasting rejuvenation effects.
Volumetric lifting is a modern rejuvenation method that quickly and effectively restores lost facial volume. By using special preparations, most commonly hyaluronic acid or calcium hydroxyapatite, it is possible to three-dimensionally reshape the face, improve its proportions, and give it a more youthful appearance.
How does the procedure work?
- Volume deficit replenishment - the injected preparation rebuilds the skin structure, replacing lost fatty tissue.
- Tissue support and stabilization - the filler acts as an internal "implant" that lifts and supports the skin from within.
- Stimulation of collagen production - the ingredients in the preparation stimulate fibroblasts to create new collagen fibers, increasing skin firmness.
- Skin densification and hydration - hyaluronic acid or other substances retain water, improving skin elasticity and density.
- Reduction of sagging - by restoring volume, the skin tightens, reducing the effect of sagging cheeks. When to use / who is the procedure for?
Volumetric lifting is recommended for individuals who:
- Have noticed lost facial volume due to aging or weight loss.
- Want to improve facial proportions and contour without surgical intervention.
- Have sagging cheeks, leading to a change in the face's oval shape.
- Want to achieve a younger, fuller, and firmer skin effect.
Effects of the procedure
- Three-dimensional facial rejuvenation - fuller features and better harmony.
- Facial lifting and contour improvement - lifting effect without a scalpel.
- Immediate visual effect - the face immediately looks younger and more refreshed.
- Skin regeneration and revitalization - improvement in elasticity and hydration.
Frequency of performing the procedure
- The effects last between 12 to 24 months, depending on the type of preparation used and individual body characteristics.
- To maintain the lifting effect, it is recommended to repeat the procedure every 1.5 - 2 years.
We perform procedures on preparations
Correction of medium and deep wrinkles, restoring volume
Neauvia® Organic Intense Flux is an innovative filler based on pure hyaluronic acid derived from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The product stands out for its exceptional ability to adapt to tissues - the hydrogel dynamically adjusts to the conditions of the injection area, providing natural, harmonious aesthetic results.
Thanks to its high plasticity, elasticity, and HA concentration, Neauvia Flux is excellent for correcting medium and deep wrinkles, as well as for delicate facial contouring.
Key features
- High concentration of hyaluronic acid: 26 mg/ml
- HA origin: biotechnologically pure HA from Bacillus subtilis
- No lidocaine added - perfect for patients sensitive to anesthetics
- High plasticity and elasticity - excellent integration with the skin
- Autonomous adaptation of the gel to tissue conditions
- Effect lasts an average of 9-12 months
Application
Neauvia Intense Flux is designed for natural volume restoration and smoothing of deeper wrinkles without limiting facial expressions. Areas of application:
- Nasolabial folds
- Marionette lines
- Cheeks
- Facial contours
Action
- Correction of deep wrinkles and folds
- Restoration of natural volume
- Increased skin firmness and hydration
- Subtle facial oval shaping
- Adaptation to dynamic areas without overfilling
Duration of effect
On average 9-12 months, depending on the injection area, patient's metabolism, and injection technique
Restylane SubQ is a hyaluronic acid based filler, designed for deep filling in the face area. Its structure is adjusted to the anatomy of deeper tissues. SubQ fits perfectly, and its presence is difficult to distinguish from natural tissue. It is injected via cannula or needle. Restylane SubQ restores a desired round-face look characteristic for the young age and keeps the effects of the treatment for up to 24 months.
Indications: mainly use it to restore the volume of the cheeks and to fill the valley of tears. An attractive option is filling the valley of tears and removing shadows under the eyes at the same time. After the procedure, the cheeks become fuller and more shaped. The skin in the face area is firm. Some patients after the treatment notice, that because the volume of the cheeks is restored, the nasolabial furrows look visibly smoother.
Volume correction, volumetry, collagen stimulation, skin structure improvement
Neauvia® Organic Stimulate is a unique filler that combines aesthetic effects with active skin stimulation. Based on pure hyaluronic acid (26 mg/ml) derived from Bacillus subtilis bacteria, it is further enriched with calcium hydroxyapatite microspheres that stimulate collagen production and support long-term tissue regeneration.
By combining volumetric and bio-stimulating properties, the product is perfect for areas requiring volume, structure, and skin density improvement - both on the face and other body parts.
Key features
- Concentration of hyaluronic acid: 26 mg/ml
- Calcium hydroxyapatite content - collagen stimulation and skin density improvement
- Bio-compatible HA from Bacillus subtilis - minimal risk of reactions
- Innovative purification technology - no organic solvents
- Gel structure similar to dermal tissue - natural integration
- High durability and resistance to biodegradation
Application
Neauvia Stimulate is designed for volumetry, skin regeneration, and tissue rebuilding with simultaneous fibroblast-stimulating action. Areas of application:
- Cheekbones
- Cheeks
- Dorsal hands
- Knees
- Other areas requiring volume and density replenishment
Effects
- Filling volume voids
- Biostimulation: collagen production and skin regeneration
- Long-term improvement in tissue density and elasticity
- Natural appearance without product migration
Duration of effect
On average 12-18 months, thanks to the synergy of HA and calcium hydroxyapatite
Deep volumizing modeling, facial contouring, skin tension and moisturizing improvement
Neauvia® Organic Intense is the most concentrated filler from the Neauvia line, containing up to 28 mg/ml of biotechnologically sourced hyaluronic acid (Bacillus subtilis). Thanks to its dense, plastic structure and high elasticity, it is perfect for deep volumizing corrections, facial contour modeling, as well as improving skin firmness and moisture.
The product is effective not only on the face but also in more demanding areas such as: ear lobes, lips, hands, feet, and intimate areas.
Key Features
- Hyaluronic acid concentration: 28 mg/ml – the highest in the series
- HA source: Bacillus subtilis – pure, biocompatible composition
- Single-phase hydrogel – optimal smoothness and durability
- Advanced purification technology – no organic solvents
- Gel structure similar to skin tissue – excellent integration
- High plasticity and elasticity – no product migration effect
Application
Neauvia Intense is a versatile product designed for deep skin modeling and regeneration. Areas of application:
- face (contouring, volume)
- lips
- ear lobes
- hands
- tops of feet
- intimate areas
Action
- Filling volume deficiencies
- Improving skin contour and tension
- Long-lasting moisturizing and biorevitalization
- Natural effect without overfilling
Effect Duration
Average of 12-15 months, depending on the area of application and injection technique
Stylage is a range of fillers based on hyaluronic acid combined with natural antioxidants. Unique IPN-Like interpenetrating polymer network guarantees high flexibility of preparations, uniformity of injection and the perfect distribution of product in the skin. Treatments using Stylage provide natural effect of skin smoothing.
Antioxidants included in Stylage preparations such as sorbitol and mannitol, show strong anti-radical action. They delay the degeneration of hyaluronic acid, hence the results of treatments last longer.
Stylage preparations are known for being extremely safe. They show a great tolerance, as confirmed by dermatologists and plastic surgeons engaged in aesthetic medicine, based on observations of their patients one year after procedure.
Stylage line for face contouring includes preparations of multidirectional use:
- Stylage XL - used to rebuild the cheekbones and cheeks, correction of facial contours and chin remodeling
- Stylage XXL - allows to fill areas within zygomatic bones and cheeks where the volume reduction occurs, as well as to bring back facial proportions.
Volumetry, contour modeling, collagen stimulation, and long-lasting smoothing of deep wrinkles
Radiesse is an innovative next-generation filler and tissue stimulator that provides immediate volumetric effects and long-term skin rejuvenation by stimulating natural collagen production. It contains calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) microspheres - a substance naturally found in the human body (in bones and teeth).
CaHA particles create a biological "scaffolding" for fibroblasts, which produce new collagen - as a result, the skin becomes denser, firmer, and more elastic, while facial contours are sculpted in a natural and lasting way.
Key features
- Active ingredient: calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) microspheres
- Immediate volumetric effect after administration
- Long-lasting action - collagen stimulation by the body
- Biocompatibility and safety - CaHA naturally occurs in the body
- Ability to sculpt and shape facial contours
- Duration of effect: from 12 months up to 5 years (depending on the patient and area)
Application
Radiesse is ideal for modeling and restoring volume in the lower and mid-face regions, as well as correcting deep wrinkles. Areas of application include:
- Jawline
- Naso-labial folds
- Marionette lines
- Cheekbones
- Chin
- Non-surgical nose correction
Effects
- Deep tissue and wrinkle filling
- Facial contour modeling
- Biostimulation - production of new collagen
- Improvement of skin density, firmness, and elasticity
- Natural and long-lasting effect without overcorrection
Duration of effect
From 12 up to 60 months, depending on the injection area, technique, and individual patient characteristics
Deeper mimic wrinkles and volumetry
Teosyal® RHA 3 is a flexible filler from the RHA® line (Resilient Hyaluronic Acid), developed by Teoxane Laboratories for reducing deep mimic wrinkles in the dynamic areas of the face. Thanks to its high concentration of HA and elastic structure, it is perfect for correcting distinct grooves without losing natural facial expressions.
Thanks to patented production technology, RHA 3 not only smooths wrinkles but also nourishes, moisturizes, and strengthens the skin, adapting to its movements.
Key features
- Hyaluronic acid concentration: 23 mg/ml
- Combination of cross-linked and non-cross-linked HA
- Lidocaine: 3 mg (lidocaine hydrochloride) - for treatment comfort
- Viscoelastic properties - the product "works" with the skin
- Structure: medium density, high stability
- Natural smoothing effect without limiting facial expressions
- AMEC 2015 award - best filler of the year
Application
Teosyal RHA 3 is designed for filling deep mimic wrinkles and improving facial contours in its dynamic areas. Areas of application:
- Nasolabial folds
- Marionette lines
- Smoker's wrinkles
- Crow's feet
- Glabellar lines
- Forehead wrinkles
Actions
- Fills and smooths deep wrinkles
- Firms and moisturizes the skin
- Improves skin structure and its resistance to movement
Duration of effect
On average 9-12 months, depending on the treated area, patient's lifestyle, and metabolism
Deep volumizing and contouring of the face in motion
Teosyal® RHA 4 is the densest and most volumizing filler from the RHA (Resilient Hyaluronic Acid) series, created by Teoxane Laboratories. It was designed to restore lost volume and contour the face in dynamic areas such as cheeks, chin, or temples.
The product integrates perfectly with tissues, preserving the natural mimic properties of the skin while lifting and strengthening its structure. It is the perfect solution for patients with visible volume loss and signs of aging.
Key features
- Hyaluronic acid concentration: 23 mg/ml
- Combination of cross-linked and non-cross-linked HA
- Lidocaine: 3 mg (lidocaine hydrochloride) – high treatment comfort
- RHA® technology – elasticity and adaptation to facial expressions
- High tissue lifting capacity and improvement of facial oval
- AMEC 2015 Award – best filler in Europe
Application
Teosyal RHA 4 is intended for restoring volume, tissue lifting, and shaping the facial oval in movable areas. Areas of application include:
- Cheekbones
- Cheeks
- Chin
- Jawline
- Temples
Action
- Deep facial volume rebuilding
- Visible firming and lifting of contours
- Effective shaping while maintaining natural mimicry
- Strong moisturizing and nourishing properties
Effect duration
On average 12-15 months, depending on the area of injection, technique used, and individual patient characteristics
Deep volume loss, tissue lifting, facial contouring
Teosyal® Ultra Deep PureSense is an advanced filler based on highly cross-linked hyaluronic acid with the addition of lidocaine (an anesthetic), created by the renowned Teoxane Laboratories from Switzerland. The product is specially developed for volume reconstruction, facial contouring, and treating deep wrinkles and skin folds in individuals with thick or visibly aging skin.
Key features
- High concentration of hyaluronic acid - 25 mg/ml
- Strong cross-linking of molecules - ensures durability and stability
- Addition of lidocaine (0.3%) - enhances comfort during the procedure
- Immediate corrective effect - with a natural lifting effect
- Long-lasting results - up to 12 months
Areas of application
Teosyal Ultra Deep PureSense is intended for:
- Restoring volume lost with age (e.g., cheekbones, cheeks, chin)
- Shaping facial contours and jawlines
- Filling deep grooves and folds (e.g., nasolabial folds)
- Lifting drooping eyelids (gentle lifting)
- Improving the structure and moisturization of aging skin
- Filling indentations caused by scars
- Reconstructing lost volume due to lipoatrophy
Areas of application
Face - particularly:
- Cheekbones
- Cheeks
- Jawline
- Chin
- Areas around grooves and folds
Duration of effect
On average 12 months, depending on the area of injection and the patient's lifestyle. In some cases - especially with deep injection and proper care - the effect can last up to 18 months.
Filling deep wrinkles, lip enhancement, scar correction
Restylane® Lidocaine is a filler based on stabilized non-animal hyaluronic acid, obtained by the fermentation method of Streptococcus equi bacteria. The product is manufactured by the Swedish biotechnological company Q-MED AB and contains 0.3% lidocaine, which ensures patient comfort during the procedure.
Due to the medium size of molecules and administration to the middle layer of the dermis, the product works perfectly in reducing deep wrinkles, correcting lip contours, and filling acne scars.
Characteristic features
- HA concentration: 20 mg/ml – cross-linked hyaluronic acid
- Lidocaine: 0.3% lidocaine hydrochloride – comfortable procedure
- HA source: fermentation of Streptococcus equi
- Administration: middle layer of the dermis
- Structure: medium-sized molecules – suitable for deep wrinkles
- Safe and biocompatible – non-animal origin product
Application
Restylane Lidocaine is designed for filling deep wrinkles, lip enhancement, and scar correction. Application areas include:
- nasolabial folds
- marionette lines
- smile lines
- vermilion border
- lip enhancement
- philtrum
- lip augmentation
- acne scars (atrophic)
Effects
- Deep filling of wrinkles and creases
- Improvement of lip contour and perioral area
- Smoothing of the skin and improvement of its density
- Correction of acne scars
Duration of effect
On average 8-12 months, depending on the technique, area, and individual skin characteristics
Restoring facial volume, gentle lifting effect, and improving facial shape
Juvéderm® Voluma is an advanced implant based on cross-linked hyaluronic acid with a unique stabilization technology - 3D matrix, which allows for deep, long-lasting, and naturally looking restoration of facial volume. The product integrates perfectly with the tissues, providing an immediate lifting effect and skin firmness.
Thanks to its formula, Voluma is designed for deep volume-rebuilding treatments in areas such as cheeks, temples, or chin. The results are natural, proportional, and lasting - from 12 to 18 months.
Key Features
- HA concentration: 20 mg/ml - cross-linked hyaluronic acid
- 3D matrix technology - deep tissue integration
- Lidocaine: 3 mg/ml - painless administration for comfort
- Duration of effect: 12 to 18 months
- Lifting properties - lifts and rebuilds facial contours
- Immediate and natural effects
Application
Juvéderm Voluma is ideal for individuals with visible loss of volume in the middle and lower parts of the face who want to achieve a natural lifting and firming effect on the skin. Areas of application:
- cheeks
- cheekbones
- temples
- chin
- facial contours
Effects
- Restoration of lost skin volume
- Shaping of cheeks and jawline
- Gentle, natural facial lifting
- Firming and moisturizing deep layers of the skin
Duration of Effect
Average of 12-18 months, depending on injection technique and patient's skin characteristics
Expert opinion
Volumetric lifting has a special significance in cases where the aging process results in volume loss and loss of contour - especially in the central and lower parts of the face. It is not just about adding volume, but something much more precise: thoughtful reconstruction of structures that gradually change with age - including lost support, contour, and proportions.
Over time, the face not only loses firmness - its shape also changes, and the volume shifts downwards. Volumetric lifting allows to reverse this process, lift tissues, restore balance. By using structural preparations, I work on deep support points - bringing out the cheekbones, strengthening the jawline, restoring natural lifting of features.
The scope of such lifting is always tailored to the age and facial structure of the patient. In mature individuals, I usually work with a larger number of points - from temples to jawline. In younger patients, sometimes just rebuilding the cheeks is enough to achieve a subtle lifting effect and improve the oval shape.
The key is not the amount of filler, but anatomical and aesthetic awareness - understanding how the face ages in different layers and how to rebuild it in layers, with respect for individual features. Not every face requires this intervention - and I don't recommend it to everyone. Volumetric lifting makes sense only when we are truly addressing a deficit, not an excess.
A well-planned and precisely executed volumetric lifting does not change the face - but restores its natural structure, proportions, and a calm, younger expression. It's not a "wow" effect, but an effect of "this is how it should be."